History of Bihar| Part 1
The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Three main cultural regions converge within the state: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur. Bihar is additionally the world's third-most populous sub-national entity.
The southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand on 15 November 2000. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is that rock bottom in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the absolute best proportion of youngsters of any Indian state.
In ancient and classical India, the planet that's now Bihar was considered a center of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, also together of the world's most generally adhered-to religions:
Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early center of learning and thus the center of the Videha kingdom.
Since the late 1970s, Bihar has lagged far behind other Indian states in terms of social and economic development.
Many economists and social scientists claim that this is often an instantaneous result of the policies of the central government, just like the freight equalization policy. its apathy towards Bihar, lack of
Bihari sub-nationalism, and thus the Permanent Settlement of 1793 by British Malay Archipelago Company. the govt has, however, made significant strides in developing the state.
ANCIENT PERIOD
The Regions of Bihar – such as Magadha, Mithila, and Anga – are mentioned in religious texts and epics of ancient India.Mithila gained prominence after the establishment of the Videha Kingdom. During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one among the main political and cultural centers of South Asia, alongside Kuru and Pañcāla.
The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janaka's. Sita, a daughter of one of the Janak's of Mithila is mentioned as the consort of Lord Rama, in the Hindu epic Ramayana, written by Valmiki.
The Videha Kingdom later became incorporated into the Vajji confederacy which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.
Vajji had a republican sort of government where the king was elected from the rajas. Based on the knowledge found in texts concerning Jainism and Buddhism,
Vajji was established as a republic by the 6th century BCE, before the birth of Buddha in 563 BCE, making it the primary known republic in India.
The Haryana dynasty, founded in 684 BC, ruled Magadha from the town of Rajgriha (modern Rajgir). The two well-known kings from this dynasty were Bimbisara and his son Ajatashatru,
who imprisoned his father to ascend the throne. Ajatashatru founded the town of Pataliputra which later became the capital of Magadha. He declared war and conquered the Vajji.
The Haryana dynasty was followed by the Shishunaga dynasty. Later, the Nanda Dynasty ruled a vast tract stretching from Bengal to Punjab.
The Nanda dynasty was replaced by the Maurya Empire, India's first empire. The Maurya Empire and therefore the religion of Buddhism arose within the region that now makes up modern Bihar.
The Mauryan Empire, which originated from Magadha in 325 BC, was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, who was born in Magadha.
It had its capital at Pataliputra (modern Patna). Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was born in Pataliputra (Patna), is often considered to be among the most accomplished rulers in world history.
The Gupta Empire, which originated in Magadha in 240 AD, is referred to because of the Golden Age of India in science, mathematics, astronomy, commerce, religion, and Indian philosophy. Bihar and Bengal were invaded by Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty in the 11th century.
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Buddhism in Magadha went into decline thanks to the invasion of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, during which many of the viharas were destroyed alongside the schools of Nalanda and Vikramashila.Some historians believe that thousands of Buddhist monks were massacred during the 12th century. After the autumn of the Pala Empire, the Chero dynasty ruled some parts of Bihar from the 12th century until the Mughal rule in the 16th century.
In 1540, the great Pathan chieftain, Sher Shah Suri, took northern India from the Mughals and declared Delhi his capital.
The Mithila was ruled by various indigenous dynasties, from the 11th century to the 20th century. The first of these was the Karnatas, followed by the Oiniwar dynasty and Raj Darbhanga.
It was during this period that the capital of Mithila was shifted to Darbhanga.
The tenth and therefore the last guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh, was born in Patna in 1666.
With political instability in the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Murshid Quli Khan declared Bengal's independence and named himself Nawab of Bengal
PRE-AND POST-INDEPENDENCE
1914 in Champaran through the farmer had revolted against indigo cultivation (at Pipra) and 1916 (Turkaulia).In April 1917, Gandhi visited Champaran, where Raj Kumar Shukla had drawn his attention to the exploitation of the peasants by European indigo planters.
The Champaran Satyagraha that followed received support from many Bihari nationalists, like Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha.
The movement intensified and spread from Bihar across the remainder of India, culminating within the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress
in April 1936, where Saraswati was elected as its first president. Following independence, Bihari migrant workers have faced violence and prejudice in many parts of India, like Maharashtra, Punjab, and Assam.
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