Indus Valley Civilization | BPSC Solution

Indus Valley Civilization | 3250 BC - 2750 BC

Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization. It has often been disputed by its historians about its excellence, as some historians have described its discovery period of 3250 BC - 2750 BC,

It is rendered by Sir John Marshall. He was the chief worker of the entire department. Whereas DP Aggarwal has stated the same period 2300 -1750 BC, which is based on the Carbon-14 method. Therefore it is considered that it is very important.

Although different scholars have described its duration differently. In the end, its period between 2500 - 1700 is mainly considered.

A British man named Charles Masson, he ran to Pakistan and got some information about the Harappan region. He speculated that there is civilization here, this event dates to 1828.

He had brought out a magazine, called Narrative of Travels, in this magazine, he first gave information about it, which later started spreading slowly.

After this, around 1856 Bc, railway lines were being laid in Lahore and Karachi, in which two engineers, who were also brothers, were working.

At the time of excavation, James Curtain and William Curton found the bricks that they are using in laying railway lines, they came to know that there would be some civilization here, but they did not try to learn more.

Alexander Cunningham has tried to research here for the first time. In 1853 -1856, he visited the Harappan region several times and tried to find it in the area.

But these too could not be as successful. Its excavation began in 1921 under the leadership of Sir John Marshall, Head of the Archaeological Department of India, and the two excavators were Indian prosecutors.

Mohenjodaro was discovered under the leadership of Harappa under Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerjee.

The name of the Indus Valley Civilization beyond the Indus civilization due to its being on the banks of the Indus River.

The practice is becoming prevalent in history, that if there is some kind of naming problem of the civilization, then that civilization will be named after the place that was first discovered,

The first civilization was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921. The first city named Harappa was discovered. Thus, one of its names is Harappan civilization.

It is currently in Pakistan. The story of its creation also differs among historians. Foreign historians believe that this civilization was built by Sumerians, who believe that the chief Marshal, Wheeler, Child, and D.D. Kaushambi.

While Indian historians and some foreign historians have also believed that the creators of the Indus Valley Civilization were Indians. It was an urban civilization. It is also called the Kasayugin civilization.

It was a primitive historical civilization. One of its specialties was that it was a peace-loving civilization. During the entire excavation, not a single Ashtra scripture has been found from which it can be inferred that it was a peace-loving civilization.

This was a business-oriented civilization. The expansion of this civilization was in a very large area, the larger civilization was not combined with Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization.

Indus Valley Civilization Expansion

About 1000 sites of Harappan civilization are located in India and about 500 sites in Pakistan, but here are telling you some important sites, such as two remains of Indus Valley Civilization found in Afghanistan,

• Shotuboi and
• Mundikak

Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both the capital of the Indus civilization are located in Pakistan, there are three major cities from Sindh province of Pakistan, Mohenjodaro, Chanhudaro, and Kotdiji.

 

The Balochistan region has Sutkagandor on the banks of the river Dashk, Balakot and Dabarkot are also located in it.

Manda, located in Jammu and Kashmir in India, is the northernmost site of the Indus civilization, situated on the banks of the River Chenab. Ropar and Sanghol have been found in Punjab in India. Banwali in Haryana.

Evidence of soil and plow and bullock cart blooms have been found here, and Rakhigarhi has also been found here, which is the largest site in the Indus Valley site found in India.

The prominent places in Rajasthan are Kalibangan and Balathal. We also get information about the farm and fire pit connected with Kalibangan.

Alamgirpur has been found in Uttar Pradesh, on the banks of the Hindon River. Daimabad in Maharashtra, which is the southernmost tip of the Sandhav civilization, is on the banks of the Godavari River.


Lothal is located in Gujarat, which was the port of the Indus Valley Civilization. Evidence of rice has been found here. Dholavira located in the chamber was a well-organized town, divided into three parts.

Wooden drains have been found from here. Horse bones are also obtained from Dholavira in Gujarat. Apart from Lothal, the remains of rice have also been found in Rangpur. It was an urban civilization based on the grid method.

The cities were divided into two classes, the eastern city, and the western houses were built of brick, the ratio of those bricks being 4: 2: 1.
There is a bath in Mohenjodaro, which is believed to be a mass bath around which small bathrooms have been found, it is estimated that people will change clothes there and then join the group program.
A grain house was also found here, where the grain was kept safe.

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